In the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, Texas, also included then the eastern half of present New Mexico (that portion east of the Rio Grande) and Colorado and a corner of Wyoming (the boundary running north from the source of the Rio Grande to the 42nd parallel), southwestern Kansas and the arm of Oklahoma north of the Panhandle. By the Compromise of 1850 all of this territory not included in Texas today, was ceded to the United States for 510,000,000.00. Texas was a slave state from the first. Its climate and soils, especially in the section first settled, made its industries similar to those of the older southern states, while most of its settlers were natives of the slave states east of the Mississippi. A strong Unionist influence was exerted by the considerable German element which had settled in the state from 1845-60, but neither this nor the influence of Sam Houston, then governor, could prevent a convention which met at Austin, January 28, 1861, from drawing up and adopting articles of cessation. Houston was deposed and the Lieutenant-Governor, a cessionist, held office in his place.