“Yailaiv; it is more man just a a, very bad tlop indeed. And it v woman," said the negro. “It is she \ was while he was in the midst of'1101 whom he wills to marry. Every Whis hitter realization that Lee
he ~nkc* her picture [rojn his Washington swum into his or hit.
it
e. His servants havo
•\He is young.”* frowned Savarnn, beginning tc see.
**So young: that only down shapes nn his checks," nodded -^Dotu.
havn hrea
Hex Sefton had noted th vaguely as a large .ojja^ue-hbrly-bc-
.sionallyrr^iiaWfihV the same fly mpjtttUft loungre of Bemoy’s one fine man hotel as himself. Being: ritish his consciousness of hroth-: man got no further. Lee Wash-
anylhlng so certain fatal to human life. But I do submit and agree to hell- labor, advise, guide, kick sense into black boys and jron-lysolC indispensable to
Foss border—as far as that, no more. Is a deal?"
Bex Sefton sat back, his strange fair ’fineness a shade whiter.
306 E. HOUSTON STREET
U 1KUN h <<<<<K
ao5 E..H0US>10H ST REE1,
1
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o you know
that on	A^5l
SAN ANTONIO EXPRESS: SUNDAY MORNING, MAY 11, 1930.
with guns,, lion .
hi~
CHIHUAHUA TRAIL
LINKED 2 COUNTRIES
Continued
Page 1-D
cub?
teeth
wise-
to smoke. At such times a j pricklv-pear leaf would be shoved old 1 \ in around it, which eliminated the fire hazard.
They had a bed 15 foot long and six feet wide, with five or six , \okc of oxen could haul 5,000 'pounds oC freight. Competition between the. cart-freighters and those using mules and the prairie schooner became so keen that it broke out in the “cart war,” in which several people were killed at Goliad before the state quelled the disturbance. These carts had been used in Mexico from the earliest and were of the same con-ion in 1570 as they had been : 200 years before. Later, when Mr. b'tnaoke introduced some with iron wheels and axles, the old cart disappeared.
tonio. John Gargin had the finest outfit in the Southwest. Ho ran 12 wagons of 14 mules each.
Practically all the merchandise freighted into Mexico was ftom Europe. It was shipped through the great bonded warehouses at Indianola and Galveston. Tho larger freighters were also bonded. In 1S75 Indianola was almost completely destroyed by a storm and Galveston became the port of entry until the G. H. & S. B. was pitted and bonded to Luling.
st In
st and sleep. On the road again at 7 a. m., they drove till 10 a. m., then let the animals graze until 1 p. m.
The Chihuahua Trial
This was tho usual procedure, it varied to meet the condition as occasion demanded; to get to water, grass, etc. Most of Hie American outfits depended on grazing alone, while the best Mexican trains carried their forage.
The Chihuahua Trail closely fol-
That point then became the start- j lowed the present
morr Jack-la r tl j th-;
Afric
M be •
1 ftor tho
vil TVat
Ntila
tliii

I trains were in operatio •.rail, and among those interested ; in transportation wore Rockc Ga-rady. David and Daniel Snda of | Monterey. Harden B. Adams. E. I D. L. TVickes, Nat Lewis, Sr., . Groesheck, Edward Froboese. August Santlcben. A. Talamnntes. . Peter Jonas, Henry Bitter, Louis Ore, A. A. TVulff, Charles Guer-guin, Jesus Hernandez, TV. H. Ed-1 gar. Anastacio Gonzales, Enoch ; Jones and John Gargin of San An-
’Nyilnm. Mrs. Blunt. Mrs. .T. R. Undrr-•n tnas. i mi?:- Tompkins, Gen. Hamilton p> Gran Ins. Col. S. R. H. Tompkins. Capt. nsinc woithvForL B1*55, Ct'-PN Nelson and L-rj Dallam entertained in-rjoy Sefton rJutper on Saturday evening
Loo Wash 1.
rabs
Tompkins and Miss Tlark.
t kHoch and
guesl
Re
Ot t!
n, one of those gilt king built, thrusting youngster;-as having his bad moment. Arcing at Bemoy City heady with |5 •e optimism of youth, he had [j Hroptly been pancaked flat by one C those collapses of plan youth
place for goods shipped into Mexico.
An average mule train consisted of 12 wagons, 23 men and 3 50 animals. This train was divided into two sections, with a captain in charge of each. A wagon-master had charge of the entire train. Mexicans proved to be the best drivers. They could pick out an individual mule from the herd on tho darkest night and knew the peculiarity and endurance of every animal in the train.
All outfits were well armed; most of them used a heavy needle gun of .50 calibre, imported through Elmendorf & Co. of San Antonio. About IS70 the Winchester displaced all others, on account of its ability to shoot IS times with one loading.
When halting, away from a settlement. the drivers would form a corral by half-circling and stopping with their wagon tongues opposite the rear wheels of the wagon in front. In this formation they were prepared to corral their animals and repel attacks. When ready to start, the caporal would enter the corral and crack his whip. Immediately each mule would walk through between the wagons, back up to his owq and await the harness.
Starting at 1 o’clock, they drove till 6 p. m., when they stopped to eat and let the mules graze. Starting again at 3 0 p. m., they drove till 3 a. m., when they stopped for
route
of the
Southern Pacific as far as the Pecos River. After crossing this river, just above where the bridge now stands, it turned northward and joined the old tro.il at Horse-head Crossing. Then due west through Fort Stockton to Leon Water Hop. where it turned sharply southward going through the present towns of Limpia, Fort Davis, Marfa and Shatter to Presidio Del Mortc. The San Antonio-351 Paso stage usually took the east bank of the Pecos, but on account of water, freighters took the route
the.
st side.
Custom houses had been established on Noth sides of the river, but as tho officials were friendly, no trouble of a serious nature was ever experienced there. From this crossing 'o Chihuahua was about 250 miles, going through El Rancho do la Mula, Chupadero, Julimes, Bachamba Ranch to Chi-huahu. The last 150 miles of this was through a desert country, where water and grass was scarce.
After unloading, most trains would go on <0 Parral, 175 miles south, and load up with silver bullion, which they brought to tho mint at Chihuahua. This would he coined in about 10 days, it would then he. loaded on the wagons and carried to Indianola, Galveston or Luling for shipment to Europe.
Guy Times. Too Chihuahua City is situated in
the valley of the Conchas River, I he longest river in Mexico’. In this section, apples and llrish potatoes grow wild. Many loads of them were gathered by freighters, hauled to Texas and sold to army posts. The city at the time of the Trail’s greatest popularity, was very prosperous and it’s purchasing power
imitle:
The great Santa Eulalia Mine had turned I? 111.000,000 into - circula-
lion in Northern Mexico,- and was directly responsible for the establishment of the Chihuahua Trail.
The trips were by no n^oans dull affairs. When in Cjhihuahua freighters usually stopped at the Meson de Massarre, near the great market of the city, took in all the sights and enter nents that the place offered, t	g the
10 or 3 5 days they rein	I be-
fore hitting the trail ag Passengers were carried on st of the trips—ladies sonieti made them—and at times, win r all-
		
night halt was made, a heavy canvas was spread on the ground, the Mexican drivers formed an orchestra with their guitars and there, in the camp fire light, inside the corral made by the wagons, la regular hoe-down was enjoyed, j Game, of course, abounded all
along the trail. Buffalo were plentiful on the Concho River until 1S78. Deer could be shot from the wagons without the trouble of having ot hunt for them. While escorting the San Antonio-151 Paso stage, Big Foot Wallace once shot a deer high up on the canyon wall, and as it came tumbling down it polled under the mule’s feet, almost causing a slampele. One train, returning empty from Chihuahua, came by Fort Concho, where they remained three weeks, in the fall of 1S72, killing and packing buffalo meat and hides. These they hauled to San Antonio and offered for sale. The hides were disposed of for a fair price, hut there was no market for buffalo steak, so the whole cargo—about 5 0,000 pounds—was hauled 10 miles south of town and dumped out.
Delivers Treasure Safely
The Indian, of course, was an over pi .sent curse, and threat. Jt has been estimated that over 300 persons were killed by them during the time the trail was dominated by Texans—1S57 to 18S0. Countless herds of mules and cattle were stampeded and driven off by them, and they continued to be a source of considerable danger till freighting along this route was abandoned.
August Santleben made one of
the last profitable trips over the of human blood. However, in '•all Trail. In 3S76 he brought out the ! the recorded history of Texas, >vc largest shipment of gold and sil- j search in vain for instances wherever ever hauled from Chihuahua j in our forefathers hesitated to pay City; $350,000 in coin and ‘40,000 ! this price when even the smallest pounds of copper: $24,000 was add- ! matter of duty or of honor called ed to this before he crossed the J for it. Men rode the Old Chihua-Rio Grande. To protect this val- : hua Trail. No weakling dared face liable cargo against robbers, he on- I (he uncertainties of the waterless.
gaged a Mexican captain (o accompany the train, with a company of dragoons, to the Rio Grande. General Ord, commanding the Department of Texas, stationed at San Antonio, furnished an escort of cavalry to that point. Upon arriving in San Antonio, Mr. Lockwood added $50,000 to the amount to bo taken to a bank in Galveston. It was all safely delivered; over $500,000. Mr. Santleben earned on this round trip $17,500.
The Chihuahua Trail ended in 1877, when the G. H. & S. A. was completed into San Antonio. In 18S3 trains were running through to San Francisco over the Sunset Route. In 1885 tho railroad was completed to Laredo, where it connected with the Mexican Central.
Cost of the Trail.
Thus passed from usefulness one
of (he country’s greatest arteries j better to leave to our posterity, of commerce. Like all great pio- j than records such as those left by
l* enterprises, its establishment j our forefathers when they rode and development was at the price I The Great Chihuahua Trail.
he hod
From the moment • jealized that a .subal the Malaria coast police was no high road to swift ad\ancement and quick marriage, he ha* seen that his only hope for both lay In gaining renown by some big and
k Announcing the Opening
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roup
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Indian infested wastes west of the Pecos. From San Antonio to the City of Chihuahua graves and blceching bones marked the iron boundary of its winding course.
A few of the old freighters are still living. They have seen changes wrought by the hand of man, that no human can possibly hope to sc© again. Nothing like this transformation is possible on any part^of the earth. Frontiers of the world . have disappeared. Everywhere, when the hand of the savage*is raised against the white man, his punishment is swift and sure. No more will (lie two battle for supremacy over a choice piece pi land, and we are indeed proud to have a few of these old pioneers with us as we ride a peaceful, but swift, trail inlo a complete subjugation of a disordered world. In riding, wc can hope for nothing
,v, you can't $25.00! And 3<t twice that nart women them . . . s, -at $25.00, lglv—but in